Refactor event handling into modular handlers

Introduce discrete event handlers (`InteractionHandlers`, `GuildLifecycleHandler`, `MessageReceivedHandler`, and more) to replace centralized logic in `EventsHandler`. Simplify handler registration, improve separation of concerns, and enable better testability. Added unit tests to verify isolated execution and failure resilience of handlers.

src/main/java/me/bobert/netneutrality/App.java

@@ -23,7 +23,15 @@ import me.bobert.netneutrality.db.service.GuildServiceProviderImpl;
 import me.bobert.netneutrality.music.MusicService;
 import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.command.CommandRegistry;
 import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.tasks.TaskManager;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks.EventListenerHandler;
 import me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks.EventsHandler;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks.GuildLifecycleHandler;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks.InteractionHandlers;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks.MessageReceivedHandler;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks.ReadyHandler;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks.VoiceEventPublisher;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
 import me.bobert.netneutrality.http.server.WebApi;
 import me.bobert.netneutrality.music.MusicServiceImpl;
 import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.thread.ExecutorProvider;
@@ -150,17 +158,22 @@ public class App {
             events = context.register(new WebhookDispatcher(webhookUrl, settings.get("NETNEUTRALITY_WEBHOOK_SECRET")));
         }
 
-        // Music sources (priority 40): initialise the shared player manager; disconnect on shutdown.
+        // Music (priority 62, above the shards so it stops first): disconnect players while JDA is still up.
         MusicService music = context.register(new MusicServiceImpl(settings, guildServices, tasks, executors, events));
         BotState.bind(guildServices, music);
 
         // JDA shards (priority 60); the events handler is attached to every shard before it connects.
+        List<EventListenerHandler<?>> handlers = new ArrayList<>();
+        handlers.add(new MessageReceivedHandler(settings, guildServices));
+        handlers.addAll(InteractionHandlers.create(settings));
+        handlers.add(new ReadyHandler(commands));
+        handlers.addAll(new GuildLifecycleHandler(guildServices).handlers());
+        handlers.add(new VoiceEventPublisher(events));
         ShardService shards = context.register(new ShardService(
-            settings, music, new EventsHandler(settings, guildServices, commands, tasks, events)));
+            settings, music, new EventsHandler(handlers, commands, tasks)));
 
-        // Register global slash commands once (shared by all shards) and set the presence.
+        // Slash commands are registered from EventsHandler on ReadyEvent; set the presence here.
         context.register(lifecycle(65, () -> {
-            commands.registerSlashCommands(shards.getAnyShard());
             shards.setActivity(Activity.watching("you"));
         }, () -> { }));
 

src/main/java/me/bobert/netneutrality/events/WebhookDispatcher.java

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public class WebhookDispatcher implements EventPublisher, Lifecycle {
         if (event == null) {
             return;
         }
-        long seq = sequences.computeIfAbsent(event.guildId(), k -> new AtomicLong()).incrementAndGet();
+        long seq = sequences.computeIfAbsent(event.guildId(), _ -> new AtomicLong()).incrementAndGet();
         MusicEvent sequenced = new MusicEvent(event.type(), event.guildId(), event.timestamp(), seq, event.payload());
         while (!queue.offerLast(sequenced)) {
             MusicEvent dropped = queue.pollFirst();

src/main/java/me/bobert/netneutrality/hooks/ContextEventHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks;
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) anthorob
+ *
+ * https://discord.gg/qUa6zNFZsd
+ */
+
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.context.Context;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.Event;
+
+/**
+ * A handler that turns an event into a {@link Context}, which the dispatcher routes to the
+ * command or task pipeline. May return {@code null} to ignore the event.
+ */
+public interface ContextEventHandler<T extends Event> extends EventListenerHandler<T> {
+    Context toContext(T event);
+
+    @Override
+    default void handle(T event) {
+    }
+}

src/main/java/me/bobert/netneutrality/hooks/EventListenerHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks;
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) anthorob
+ *
+ * https://discord.gg/qUa6zNFZsd
+ */
+
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.Event;
+
+/**
+ * A side-effect handler for one JDA event type. Several handlers may listen to the same event.
+ */
+public interface EventListenerHandler<T extends Event> {
+    Class<T> eventType();
+
+    void handle(T event);
+}

src/main/java/me/bobert/netneutrality/hooks/EventsHandler.java

@@ -6,218 +6,90 @@ package me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks;
  * https://discord.gg/qUa6zNFZsd
  */
 
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.command.MessageCommandContext;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.command.MessageMenuContext;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.command.SlashCommandContext;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.command.UserMenuContext;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.tasks.ButtonTaskContext;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.tasks.EmojiTaskContext;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.tasks.MessageTaskContext;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.tasks.ModalTaskContext;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.LogHandler;
 import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.command.CommandProcessor;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.command.CommandRegistry;
 import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.context.CommandContext;
 import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.context.Context;
 import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.context.TaskContext;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.db.service.GuildServiceProvider;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.db.service.GuildService;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.command.CommandRegistry;
 import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.tasks.TaskManager;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.db.GSettings;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.utils.SettingsProvider;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.entities.GuildVoiceState;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.entities.Message;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.entities.channel.unions.AudioChannelUnion;
 import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.Event;
 import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.GenericEvent;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.guild.GuildJoinEvent;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.guild.GuildLeaveEvent;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.guild.voice.GuildVoiceUpdateEvent;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.events.EventPublisher;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.events.MusicEvent;
-import me.bobert.netneutrality.events.NoopEventPublisher;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.guild.update.GuildUpdateIconEvent;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.guild.update.GuildUpdateNameEvent;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.interaction.ModalInteractionEvent;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.interaction.command.MessageContextInteractionEvent;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.interaction.command.SlashCommandInteractionEvent;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.interaction.command.UserContextInteractionEvent;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.interaction.component.ButtonInteractionEvent;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.message.MessageReceivedEvent;
-import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.message.react.MessageReactionAddEvent;
 import net.dv8tion.jda.api.hooks.EventListener;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 
+/**
+ * Thin dispatcher: calls every registered {@link EventListenerHandler} for an event (walking its
+ * class hierarchy and interfaces), isolates failures per handler and routes any produced
+ * {@link Context} to the command or task pipeline.
+ */
 public class EventsHandler implements EventListener {
     private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EventsHandler.class);
 
-    private final Map<Class<? extends Event>, Function<? extends Event, Context>> listeners = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private final Map<Class<?>, List<EventListenerHandler<?>>> handlers = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
-    private final SettingsProvider settings;
-    private final GuildServiceProvider guildServices;
     private final CommandRegistry commands;
     private final TaskManager taskManager;
-    private final EventPublisher events;
 
     public EventsHandler(
-        SettingsProvider settings,
+        List<EventListenerHandler<?>> handlers,
-        GuildServiceProvider guildServices,
         CommandRegistry commands,
         TaskManager taskManager
     ) {
-        this(settings, guildServices, commands, taskManager, NoopEventPublisher.INSTANCE);
-    }
-
-    public EventsHandler(
-        SettingsProvider settings,
-        GuildServiceProvider guildServices,
-        CommandRegistry commands,
-        TaskManager taskManager,
-        EventPublisher events
-    ) {
-        this.events = Objects.requireNonNull(events, "events");
-        this.settings = Objects.requireNonNull(settings, "settings");
-        this.guildServices = Objects.requireNonNull(guildServices, "guildServices");
         this.commands = Objects.requireNonNull(commands, "commands");
         this.taskManager = Objects.requireNonNull(taskManager, "taskManager");
-        registerListeners();
+        Objects.requireNonNull(handlers, "handlers").forEach(this::register);
     }
 
-    private void registerListeners() {
+    public void register(EventListenerHandler<?> handler) {
-        addListener(MessageReceivedEvent.class, event -> {
+        Class<?> type = Objects.requireNonNull(handler, "handler").eventType();
-            if (event.getAuthor().isBot()) {
+        logger.info("Registering handler {} for {}", handler.getClass().getSimpleName(), type.getSimpleName());
-                return null;
+        handlers.computeIfAbsent(type, k -> new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>()).add(handler);
-            }
-            if (event.isWebhookMessage()) {
-                return null;
-            }
-
-            Message message = event.getMessage();
-            String rawMessage = message.getContentDisplay().trim();
-            String prefix = settings.get("NETNEUTRALITY_BOT_PREFIX", "$");
-            if (event.isFromGuild()) {
-                String guildPrefix = guildServices.get(event.getGuild().getId()).getGuildSettingService().getOrDefault(GSettings.COMMAND_PREFIX);
-                if (!guildPrefix.isEmpty()) {
-                    prefix = guildPrefix;
-                }
-            }
-            if (rawMessage.startsWith(prefix)) {
-                return new MessageCommandContext(event, settings);
-            }
-
-            return new MessageTaskContext(event);
-        });
-
-        addListener(UserContextInteractionEvent.class, event -> new UserMenuContext(event, settings));
-        addListener(MessageContextInteractionEvent.class, event -> new MessageMenuContext(event, settings));
-        addListener(SlashCommandInteractionEvent.class, event -> new SlashCommandContext(event, settings));
-        addListener(ModalInteractionEvent.class, ModalTaskContext::new);
-        addListener(ButtonInteractionEvent.class, ButtonTaskContext::new);
-        addListener(MessageReactionAddEvent.class, EmojiTaskContext::new);
-        addGenericListener(GuildJoinEvent.class, event -> {
-            GuildService service = guildServices.get(event.getGuild().getId());
-            service.updateMetadata(event.getGuild().getName(), event.getGuild().getIconId());
-
-            if (service.isDebugEnabled()) {
-                LogHandler.sendMessageToDebugChannel(event.getGuild(), "Error logging enabled on this channel");
-            }
-        });
-        addGenericListener(GuildLeaveEvent.class, event -> onGuildLeave(event.getGuild().getId()));
-        addGenericListener(GuildVoiceUpdateEvent.class, this::onVoiceUpdate);
-        addGenericListener(GuildUpdateNameEvent.class, event ->
-            guildServices.get(event.getGuild().getId()).updateMetadata(event.getNewName(), event.getGuild().getIconId()));
-        addGenericListener(GuildUpdateIconEvent.class, event ->
-            guildServices.get(event.getGuild().getId()).updateMetadata(event.getGuild().getName(), event.getNewIconId()));
     }
 
     /**
-     * Publishes connect/disconnect events for the bot itself and for members entering or leaving
+     * Register a listener for an event associated with a {@link Context}.
-     * the voice channel the bot is currently in. The payload carries {@code userId}, {@code bot}
-     * (whether the member is a bot) and {@code self} (whether it is this bot).
      */
-    void onVoiceUpdate(GuildVoiceUpdateEvent event) {
-        boolean self = event.getEntity().getId().equals(event.getJDA().getSelfUser().getId());
-        AudioChannelUnion left = event.getChannelLeft();
-        AudioChannelUnion joined = event.getChannelJoined();
-
-        String botChannelId = null;
-        if (!self) {
-            GuildVoiceState botState = event.getGuild().getSelfMember().getVoiceState();
-            if (botState == null || botState.getChannel() == null) {
-                return;
-            }
-            botChannelId = botState.getChannel().getId();
-        }
-
-        String guildId = event.getGuild().getId();
-        if (left != null && (self || left.getId().equals(botChannelId))) {
-            events.publish(MusicEvent.of(MusicEvent.Type.VOICE_DISCONNECTED, guildId,
-                voicePayload(event, left.getId(), self)));
-        }
-        if (joined != null && (self || joined.getId().equals(botChannelId))) {
-            events.publish(MusicEvent.of(MusicEvent.Type.VOICE_CONNECTED, guildId,
-                voicePayload(event, joined.getId(), self)));
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static Map<String, Object> voicePayload(GuildVoiceUpdateEvent event, String channelId, boolean self) {
-        return Map.of(
-            "channelId", channelId,
-            "userId", event.getEntity().getId(),
-            "username", event.getEntity().getUser().getName(),
-            "nickname", event.getEntity().getEffectiveName(),
-            "bot", event.getEntity().getUser().isBot(),
-            "self", self);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes the guild's data and drops its cached service. The service is evicted even when the
-     * delete fails, so a stale cache entry never outlives the guild membership.
-     *
-     * @param guildId the id of the guild the bot left
-     */
-    void onGuildLeave(String guildId) {
-        try {
-            guildServices.get(guildId).deleteGuild();
-        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
-            logger.error("Failed to delete data of guild {}", guildId, e);
-        } finally {
-            guildServices.evict(guildId);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Register a listener for an event assocated with a {@link Context}.
-     *
-     * @param eventClass the class type of the event to listen for
-     * @param function   the function to handle the event, which takes an event of the specified type and returns a {@link Context}
-     * @param <T>        the type of the event that extends the {@link Event} class
-     */
-    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     public <T extends Event> void addListener(Class<T> eventClass, Function<? super T, Context> function) {
-        logger.info("Registering listener for {}", eventClass.getSimpleName());
+        register(new ContextEventHandler<T>() {
-        listeners.put(eventClass, (Function<? extends Event, Context>) function);
+            @Override
+            public Class<T> eventType() {
+                return eventClass;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Context toContext(T event) {
+                return function.apply(event);
+            }
+        });
     }
 
     /**
-     * Adds a generic listener for a specified event type. The consumer will be invoked
+     * Adds a side-effect listener for a specified event type.
-     * whenever an event of the specified type is detected.
-     *
-     * @param eventClass the class type of the event to listen for
-     * @param consumer   the consumer to handle the event, which takes an event of the specified type and performs an action
-     * @param <T>        the type of the event that extends the {@link Event} class
      */
     public <T extends Event> void addGenericListener(Class<T> eventClass, Consumer<T> consumer) {
-        addListener(eventClass, t -> {
+        register(new EventListenerHandler<T>() {
-            consumer.accept(t);
+            @Override
-            return null;
+            public Class<T> eventType() {
+                return eventClass;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void handle(T event) {
+                consumer.accept(event);
+            }
         });
     }
 
@@ -228,34 +100,48 @@ public class EventsHandler implements EventListener {
 
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     private void handleEvent(Event event) {
-        Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
+        for (Class<?> type : hierarchy(event.getClass())) {
-
+            List<EventListenerHandler<?>> matching = handlers.get(type);
-        while (eventClass != null) {
+            if (matching == null) {
-            if (listeners.containsKey(eventClass)) {
+                continue;
-                Function<Event, Context> function = (Function<Event, Context>) listeners.get(eventClass);
+            }
-                Context context = function.apply(event);
+            for (EventListenerHandler<?> raw : matching) {
+                try {
+                    EventListenerHandler<Event> handler = (EventListenerHandler<Event>) raw;
+                    handler.handle(event);
+                    if (handler instanceof ContextEventHandler<Event> contextHandler) {
+                        route(contextHandler.toContext(event));
+                    }
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    logger.error("Handler {} failed for {}", raw.getClass().getName(), event.getClass().getSimpleName(), e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
+    private void route(Context context) {
         if (context instanceof CommandContext commandContext) {
-                    handleCommand(commandContext);
+            new CommandProcessor(commandContext, commands, taskManager).dispatch();
         }
-
         if (context instanceof TaskContext taskContext) {
-                    handleTask(taskContext);
+            taskManager.handle(taskContext);
-                }
-
-                break;
-            }
-
-            eventClass = eventClass.getSuperclass();
         }
     }
 
-    private void handleCommand(CommandContext context) {
+    private static Set<Class<?>> hierarchy(Class<?> start) {
-        CommandProcessor processor = new CommandProcessor(context, commands, taskManager);
+        Set<Class<?>> result = new LinkedHashSet<>();
-        processor.dispatch();
+        Deque<Class<?>> queue = new ArrayDeque<>();
+        queue.add(start);
+        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
+            Class<?> type = queue.poll();
+            if (!result.add(type)) {
+                continue;
             }
-
+            if (type.getSuperclass() != null) {
-    private void handleTask(TaskContext context) {
+                queue.add(type.getSuperclass());
-        taskManager.handle(context);
+            }
+            queue.addAll(List.of(type.getInterfaces()));
+        }
+        return result;
     }
 }

src/main/java/me/bobert/netneutrality/hooks/GuildLifecycleHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks;
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) anthorob
+ *
+ * https://discord.gg/qUa6zNFZsd
+ */
+
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.LogHandler;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.db.service.GuildService;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.db.service.GuildServiceProvider;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.guild.GuildJoinEvent;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.guild.GuildLeaveEvent;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.guild.update.GuildUpdateIconEvent;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.guild.update.GuildUpdateNameEvent;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Guild join, leave and name/icon update handling.
+ */
+public class GuildLifecycleHandler {
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GuildLifecycleHandler.class);
+
+    private final GuildServiceProvider guildServices;
+
+    public GuildLifecycleHandler(GuildServiceProvider guildServices) {
+        this.guildServices = Objects.requireNonNull(guildServices, "guildServices");
+    }
+
+    public List<EventListenerHandler<?>> handlers() {
+        return List.of(
+            new Join(), new Leave(), new NameUpdate(), new IconUpdate());
+    }
+
+    void onGuildJoin(GuildJoinEvent event) {
+        GuildService service = guildServices.get(event.getGuild().getId());
+        service.updateMetadata(event.getGuild().getName(), event.getGuild().getIconId());
+
+        if (service.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            LogHandler.sendMessageToDebugChannel(event.getGuild(), "Error logging enabled on this channel");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes the guild's data and drops its cached service. The service is evicted even when the
+     * delete fails, so a stale cache entry never outlives the guild membership.
+     *
+     * @param guildId the id of the guild the bot left
+     */
+    void onGuildLeave(String guildId) {
+        try {
+            guildServices.get(guildId).deleteGuild();
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            logger.error("Failed to delete data of guild {}", guildId, e);
+        } finally {
+            guildServices.evict(guildId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class Join implements EventListenerHandler<GuildJoinEvent> {
+        @Override
+        public Class<GuildJoinEvent> eventType() {
+            return GuildJoinEvent.class;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handle(GuildJoinEvent event) {
+            onGuildJoin(event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class Leave implements EventListenerHandler<GuildLeaveEvent> {
+        @Override
+        public Class<GuildLeaveEvent> eventType() {
+            return GuildLeaveEvent.class;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handle(GuildLeaveEvent event) {
+            onGuildLeave(event.getGuild().getId());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class NameUpdate implements EventListenerHandler<GuildUpdateNameEvent> {
+        @Override
+        public Class<GuildUpdateNameEvent> eventType() {
+            return GuildUpdateNameEvent.class;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handle(GuildUpdateNameEvent event) {
+            guildServices.get(event.getGuild().getId())
+                .updateMetadata(event.getNewName(), event.getGuild().getIconId());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class IconUpdate implements EventListenerHandler<GuildUpdateIconEvent> {
+        @Override
+        public Class<GuildUpdateIconEvent> eventType() {
+            return GuildUpdateIconEvent.class;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handle(GuildUpdateIconEvent event) {
+            guildServices.get(event.getGuild().getId())
+                .updateMetadata(event.getGuild().getName(), event.getNewIconId());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/me/bobert/netneutrality/hooks/InteractionHandlers.java

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks;
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) anthorob
+ *
+ * https://discord.gg/qUa6zNFZsd
+ */
+
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.command.MessageMenuContext;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.command.SlashCommandContext;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.command.UserMenuContext;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.tasks.ButtonTaskContext;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.tasks.EmojiTaskContext;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.tasks.ModalTaskContext;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.context.Context;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.utils.SettingsProvider;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.Event;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.interaction.ModalInteractionEvent;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.interaction.command.MessageContextInteractionEvent;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.interaction.command.SlashCommandInteractionEvent;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.interaction.command.UserContextInteractionEvent;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.interaction.component.ButtonInteractionEvent;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.message.react.MessageReactionAddEvent;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+/**
+ * Slash, menu, modal, button and reaction events, each mapped to its context.
+ */
+public final class InteractionHandlers {
+    private InteractionHandlers() {
+    }
+
+    public static List<EventListenerHandler<?>> create(SettingsProvider settings) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(settings, "settings");
+        return List.of(
+            of(UserContextInteractionEvent.class, e -> new UserMenuContext(e, settings)),
+            of(MessageContextInteractionEvent.class, e -> new MessageMenuContext(e, settings)),
+            of(SlashCommandInteractionEvent.class, e -> new SlashCommandContext(e, settings)),
+            of(ModalInteractionEvent.class, ModalTaskContext::new),
+            of(ButtonInteractionEvent.class, ButtonTaskContext::new),
+            of(MessageReactionAddEvent.class, EmojiTaskContext::new));
+    }
+
+    private static <T extends Event> ContextEventHandler<T> of(Class<T> type, Function<T, Context> mapper) {
+        return new ContextEventHandler<>() {
+            @Override
+            public Class<T> eventType() {
+                return type;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Context toContext(T event) {
+                return mapper.apply(event);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}

src/main/java/me/bobert/netneutrality/hooks/MessageReceivedHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks;
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) anthorob
+ *
+ * https://discord.gg/qUa6zNFZsd
+ */
+
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.command.MessageCommandContext;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.context.tasks.MessageTaskContext;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.context.Context;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.db.GSettings;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.db.service.GuildServiceProvider;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.utils.SettingsProvider;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.message.MessageReceivedEvent;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Resolves the prefix and decides whether a message is a command or a plain task message.
+ */
+public class MessageReceivedHandler implements ContextEventHandler<MessageReceivedEvent> {
+    private final SettingsProvider settings;
+    private final GuildServiceProvider guildServices;
+
+    public MessageReceivedHandler(SettingsProvider settings, GuildServiceProvider guildServices) {
+        this.settings = Objects.requireNonNull(settings, "settings");
+        this.guildServices = Objects.requireNonNull(guildServices, "guildServices");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Class<MessageReceivedEvent> eventType() {
+        return MessageReceivedEvent.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Context toContext(MessageReceivedEvent event) {
+        if (event.getAuthor().isBot() || event.isWebhookMessage()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        String rawMessage = event.getMessage().getContentDisplay().trim();
+        String prefix = settings.get("NETNEUTRALITY_BOT_PREFIX", "$");
+        if (event.isFromGuild()) {
+            String guildPrefix = guildServices.get(event.getGuild().getId()).getGuildSettingService()
+                .getOrDefault(GSettings.COMMAND_PREFIX);
+            if (!guildPrefix.isEmpty()) {
+                prefix = guildPrefix;
+            }
+        }
+        if (rawMessage.startsWith(prefix)) {
+            return new MessageCommandContext(event, settings);
+        }
+
+        return new MessageTaskContext(event);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/me/bobert/netneutrality/hooks/ReadyHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks;
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) anthorob
+ *
+ * https://discord.gg/qUa6zNFZsd
+ */
+
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.command.CommandRegistry;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.session.ReadyEvent;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Registers the global slash commands once the first shard is ready.
+ */
+public class ReadyHandler implements EventListenerHandler<ReadyEvent> {
+    private final CommandRegistry commands;
+
+    public ReadyHandler(CommandRegistry commands) {
+        this.commands = Objects.requireNonNull(commands, "commands");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Class<ReadyEvent> eventType() {
+        return ReadyEvent.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void handle(ReadyEvent event) {
+        // Global commands are shared by all shards, so only register them once.
+        if (event.getJDA().getShardInfo().getShardId() == 0) {
+            commands.registerSlashCommands(event.getJDA());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/me/bobert/netneutrality/hooks/VoiceEventPublisher.java

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks;
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) anthorob
+ *
+ * https://discord.gg/qUa6zNFZsd
+ */
+
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.events.EventPublisher;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.events.MusicEvent;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.entities.GuildVoiceState;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.entities.channel.unions.AudioChannelUnion;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.guild.voice.GuildVoiceUpdateEvent;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Publishes connect/disconnect events for the bot itself and for members entering or leaving
+ * the voice channel the bot is currently in. The payload carries {@code userId}, {@code bot}
+ * (whether the member is a bot) and {@code self} (whether it is this bot).
+ */
+public class VoiceEventPublisher implements EventListenerHandler<GuildVoiceUpdateEvent> {
+    private final EventPublisher events;
+
+    public VoiceEventPublisher(EventPublisher events) {
+        this.events = Objects.requireNonNull(events, "events");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Class<GuildVoiceUpdateEvent> eventType() {
+        return GuildVoiceUpdateEvent.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void handle(GuildVoiceUpdateEvent event) {
+        onVoiceUpdate(event);
+    }
+
+    void onVoiceUpdate(GuildVoiceUpdateEvent event) {
+        boolean self = event.getEntity().getId().equals(event.getJDA().getSelfUser().getId());
+        AudioChannelUnion left = event.getChannelLeft();
+        AudioChannelUnion joined = event.getChannelJoined();
+
+        String botChannelId = null;
+        if (!self) {
+            GuildVoiceState botState = event.getGuild().getSelfMember().getVoiceState();
+            if (botState == null || botState.getChannel() == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            botChannelId = botState.getChannel().getId();
+        }
+
+        String guildId = event.getGuild().getId();
+        if (left != null && (self || left.getId().equals(botChannelId))) {
+            events.publish(MusicEvent.of(MusicEvent.Type.VOICE_DISCONNECTED, guildId,
+                voicePayload(event, left.getId(), self)));
+        }
+        if (joined != null && (self || joined.getId().equals(botChannelId))) {
+            events.publish(MusicEvent.of(MusicEvent.Type.VOICE_CONNECTED, guildId,
+                voicePayload(event, joined.getId(), self)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Map<String, Object> voicePayload(GuildVoiceUpdateEvent event, String channelId, boolean self) {
+        return Map.of(
+            "channelId", channelId,
+            "userId", event.getEntity().getId(),
+            "username", event.getEntity().getUser().getName(),
+            "nickname", event.getEntity().getEffectiveName(),
+            "bot", event.getEntity().getUser().isBot(),
+            "self", self);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/me/bobert/netneutrality/music/MusicServiceImpl.java

@@ -80,7 +80,9 @@ public class MusicServiceImpl implements MusicService {
 
     @Override
     public int priority() {
-        return 40;
+        // Must be above ShardService (60): shutdown runs in reverse order, and disconnecting players
+        // needs JDA's direct audio controller, so music has to stop before the shards do.
+        return 62;
     }
 
     @Override

src/test/java/me/bobert/netneutrality/hooks/EventsHandlerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package me.bobert.netneutrality.hooks;
+
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.command.CommandRegistry;
+import me.bobert.netneutrality.core.tasks.TaskManager;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.Event;
+import net.dv8tion.jda.api.events.session.ReadyEvent;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+
+class EventsHandlerTest {
+    private final CommandRegistry commands = mock(CommandRegistry.class);
+    private final TaskManager tasks = mock(TaskManager.class);
+
+    @Test
+    void multipleHandlersRunAndFailureIsIsolated() {
+        List<String> calls = new ArrayList<>();
+        EventsHandler dispatcher = new EventsHandler(List.of(), commands, tasks);
+        dispatcher.addGenericListener(ReadyEvent.class, e -> {
+            calls.add("first");
+            throw new IllegalStateException("boom");
+        });
+        dispatcher.addGenericListener(ReadyEvent.class, e -> calls.add("second"));
+        dispatcher.addGenericListener(Event.class, e -> calls.add("super"));
+
+        dispatcher.onEvent(mock(ReadyEvent.class));
+
+        assertEquals(List.of("first", "second", "super"), calls);
+    }
+}